Improving the ultraviolet protection factor of textiles through mechanical surface modification using calendering

The textile modification technique of calendering was used to change the cover factor wearable textiles in order improve ultraviolet protection and decrease amount radiation transmitted through fabric. Using optical microscopy spectrophotometry, quantifiable changes that occurred after repeated passes calender were measured. It found one pass uncovered area decreased by a two increased 200%. thickness air permeability treated fabric with calendering. bending stiffness remained nearly unchanged, thus mechanical properties not altered substantially compression.